两周金文指代词“是”“兹”“之”用法之别

Different use of “是” “兹” and “之” in bronze inscription of Zhou Dynasties

“是”“兹”“之”是古汉语中最早出现的近指代词。“兹”“之”甲骨文中已见,“是”始见于西周金文中。甲骨文中“兹”“之”已表现出句法功能上的对立性,两周金文中,加上新出现的“是”,三者形成了严格的句法功能上的互补关系,即“是”主要充当前置宾语和复指前置宾语,“兹”主要充当定语,“之”主要充当一般宾语。与传世文献相比,两周金文在指代词的使用上存在着较为严格的“格位”倾向。

'是''兹''之' are Close-referring Pronouns which appear earliest among this sort.'兹' and '之' were seen in the Jia Gu Wen,and '是' came into being in bronze inscription of West Zhou Dynasty.In the Jia Gu Wen,'兹' and '之' had shown the opposition in some extent,while in bronze inscription of Zhou Dynasties,with the supplement of '是',the three words formed a new interrelationship of complement at a stricter scale in the grammar functions: the '是' mainly worked as the preposed object and multi-referring preposed obje...