《论衡》中的助动词“可”及相关问题

On the auxiliary verb “可” in Lun Heng

对《论衡》中的助动词“可”在穷尽性数量统计的基础上做细致的描写,分析其句法和语义特点。从形式上看,修饰“可”的副词以否定副词为主;分布在“可”后的谓词、谓词性结构中,单音节动词居多;能构成“不可不”这样的双重否定形式;在句子中能单独作谓语。从意义上看,“可”的语义主要有三种:可能、值得、应该。此外,还探讨了“可”“以”连用、“可”“得”连用问题。

We analyze grammatical and semantic features of "可"on the bases of descriptions and quantities to show the basic aspect of auxiliary verb in Lun Heng.Syntactically,"可"was modified mainly by negative adverb.Predicate and predicative construction which distribute behind "可" were single syllable verb."不可不" form was predicate in sentence.Sematically,there was three meanings of "可":be likely to,be worthy of,and ought to.In addition,we probe for conjunctive usage of "可" and "得","可" and "以".