地表移动和断裂受控于岩体结构

SURFACE DISPLACEMENTS AND FRACTURES CONTROLLED BY ROCK MASS STRUCTURES

山体下多工作面(包括3个采7m厚的放顶面)开采时,地表并非按常规移向采区中央,也不垂直等高线向山下滑移,而是沿岩体结构面移向山下采动源;当最大下沉是2m时,整个上覆山体也沿结构面向山下移动2m多;水平移动常远大于下沉量;没有一个点的移动只在主断面内进行,因此这里不存在主断面。地表裂缝没有平行开采边界的,它们只遵循两个方向——本区共轭断裂方向;放顶面的地表断裂最具破坏性,它是地构物下开采的-大地质灾害,因而断裂预测已上升为地面井下构筑物开采的首要问题。本文对此做了较深入细致的研究,得出了一些有益的结论。

When many coalfaces are extracted(including 3 full-seam mining faces) under a mountain, surface points move neither towards the center of the faces nor vertically down to isoline, but move to the source of extraction down along the structure faces of rock mass. Covered rock body moves down along the structure 2m while max. subsidence is 2m too. Horizontal displacements are often larger than subsidence. No point displaces only within the main section, so there are no main sections. Not paralleling to the bou...