澳大利亚经营林业的战略

Strategies for Forest Management in Australia

澳大利亚国土面积为768万km^2,林地面积占国土面积的13.8％。森林主要分布在东南沿海一窄长地区。该国经营林业的战略是:以发挥森林的生态环境利用为主。澳国将全国林地面积的77％划为环保林,其中501万ha划为森林保护区和国家森林公园。天然成熟林实行凭证定量采伐。与此同时,大力发展速生优质人工林。其主要树种为辐射松和南洋杉,并以此代替低产的桉树林。目前占林地总面积2％的人工林,其采伐量已占全国采伐量的40％。在经营强度上,人工林大于天然林。扩大林业经济效益的主要途径是发展纸浆和造纸工业。澳大利亚把在一定时期内保持林产品进口,作为保存、发展本国森林资源的保护战略。

Of the total area of 7.68 million sq.km in Australia 13.8 percent is cov-ered with forest which is mainly situated in a narrow area along the southeast coast. The strategies for forest management in Australia are:Taking utilization of ecological environment of the forest as the mainpurpose. 77 percent of the total forest area in Australia is classified asenvironment. protection forest, of which 5010 thousand ha are classifiedas forest reserves and national parks. Rationed cutting by certificate ispractised ...