阿尔都塞保卫马克思的三重向度与划界方法

Althusser's Defence of Marx:His Three Dimensions and Method of Demarcation

为了保卫马克思,阿尔都塞介入了关于青年马克思问题的论战。而"保卫马克思"的内核和关键是"怎样保卫马克思",也就是说,方法论占主导地位。为此,他从政治策略、思想阶段和历史背景这三重向度,以"划界"的方式把马克思与黑格尔和费尔巴哈、意识形态(人道主义)与科学、《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《资本论》统统切割开来,既驳斥了那些把马克思主义康德化、黑格尔化、费尔巴哈化以及人道主义化等种种企图,又反对了苏联那种传统的马克思主义理解模式。这是他保卫马克思的独特理论路径。这样一来,也就把自己与正统的马克思主义、人道主义的马克思主义区别开来。

In order to defend Marx,L.Althusser got involved in the disputes on young Marx.The key to the question is how to defend Marx.So he criticized traditional Marxism and humanistic Marxism in the method of demarcation from tree dimensions(political tactics,phases of thoughts and historic background of text).In other words,he set the demarcations between K.Marx and G.Hegel,and L.Feuerbach,between science and ideology,and between the manuscripts in 1844 and On capital.This is Althusser's special method.