胎儿利益溯及保护的法律思考

Legal Thinking on the Retro-protection for the Interests of the Fetus

在我国的现行法律中,胎儿并不是法律意义上的“人”,民法上胎儿不具有权利能力,只在个别情况下由法律另行规定给予其特殊保护。刑法上胎儿也不属于“法益”的范围。然而,随着社会经济的发展,世界各国关于胎儿期内遭受不法侵害的诉讼不断发生并呈上升趋势,现代社会对胎儿有影响的因素也越来越多,如药物,烟酒,不洁性交,车祸,辐射,噪声等环境污染以及医疗失误等等,外界因素导致胎儿出生后畸形、残障、患病等身体健康受损的情形屡见不鲜。因此,我们有必要在法律意义上对胎儿利益的保护进行探究。

The fetus are nearly not defined as the“person” in legal sense by current law in our country. In civil law, they are not entitle to the legal capacity,except some separate provision under the isolated cases. Additionaly, they are excluded form the legal protection in criminal law either. Nevertheless, with the social economic development, the lawsuits relating to the fetus' unlawful infringement during pregnancy emerge constantly and present a tendency of rising. Owing to kinds of outside factors which do g...