妨碍非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后病人进入“快通道”的危险因素

Risk Factors Impeding "Fast Track Recovery" after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

目的分析影响国人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植(off-pump coronary artery bypass,OPCAB)术后早期撤离呼吸机的危险因素,以便选择合适病人进入"快通道"。方法对680例连续OPCAB病人进行回顾性研究,其中12小时内拔管组(组Ⅰ)333例,12小时内未拔管组(组Ⅱ)347例。利用单因素及多因素分析,筛选机械通气时间延长的危险因素。结果单因素分析结果表明,2组间年龄>70岁[25%(84/333)与39%(136/347),χ2=15.148,P=0.000],脑梗死史[14%(46/333)与22%(75/347),χ2=7.068,P=0.008],NYHA分级(χ2=9.382,P=0.025),左室射血分数(LVEF)<40%[3%(8/293)与12%(33/285),χ2=17.164,P=0.000],左室收缩末内径(LVEDs)[(3.39±0.76)cm(n=293)与(3.53±0.85)cm(n=285),t=-2.089,P=0.037],左主干病变[17%(56/333)与27%(93/347),χ2=9.900,P=0.002],急诊手术[8%(27/33)与18%(63/347),χ2=14.938,P=0.000],术前、术中、术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)[1%(3/333)与5%(16/347),χ2=8.612,P=0.003;2%(7/333)与7%(24/347),χ2=9.052,P=0.003;0.3%(1/333)与4%(14/347),χ2=10.985,P=0.001]的差异有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析表明,年龄>70岁(OR=2.003)、LVEF<40%(OR=4.305)、左主干病变(OR=1.865)、急诊手术(OR=2.577)、术中或术后应用IABP(OR=3.363和10.979)是术后影响病人进入"快通道"的危险因素。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术后大部分病人可以及早拔管,高龄、严重冠脉病变、急诊手术、心功能低下是影响冠状动脉旁路移植术后病人进入"快通道"的危险因素。年轻、心功能良好、非左主干病变,不需IABP辅助的病人可以安全进入"快通道"流程。

Objective To analyze the risk factors impeding early extubation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in Chinese patients, so that to identify the applicable patients for "fast track recovery". Methods Clinical data of 680 consecutive patients who had received OPCAB were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of extubation (group Ⅰ,n=333, extubation was performed within 12 h postoperation; group Ⅱ,n=347, extubation failed in 12 h)...