副词“才”主观量表达的语义基础

Semantic Basis of the Adverb “CAI”

副词“才”表示“方始”,即在某个时间点,某个事件从无到有。强调事件在这个时间点而不是这个时间点之前实现,并且,从事件实现到说话时的时间段相对较短。当客观时间量在句子中出现,“才”进一步虚化表达主观量:前指表达主观大量,后指表达主观小量。“T才P”是限制条件的肯定P,这个条件就是T,用于肯定句可以用转折来表示,而条件之外则不能肯定P。名词语进入“才+名词语”这一句法格式的条件是:名词本身有明显的序列推移性或者在某种特定条件下能进入某个排序中。

'CAI',an adverb,means,'just start',i.e.an event starting from a particular period of time.It emphasizes on the exact time of its occurrence instead of the time prior to which the event took place.Besides,the event has lasted for a very short while between the moment the speaker talks and the time when the event really happens.When objective-quantity appears in the sentence,'CAI' further distresses the existence of 'subjective-quantity': the former expresses the large ...