晚清民初“文学”学科的学术谱系——从“词章”到“美术”再到“文学”

The Scholarly Genealogy of Literature in Modern China——From "Letter" to "Fine Arts" and to "Literature"

作为独立学术系统的"文学"学科在近代中国的出现历经了一个相当复杂的转化过程,不能简单地看作是西学移植的结果,而应当归结于三个方面的原因:其一是中国传统的"词章之学"为现代"文学"基础理论的研究提供了较为丰富的学术资源;其二是清季民初学人以从"词章"到"美术"的转变为"文学"之基本学术品质,奠定了文学研究的学术基础;其三是近代大学教育体制的出现,使民初"文学"的学科定位实现了从通识学术向专精学术的转化,最终确立了"文学"学科的基本形态。由此才导致了"文学"学科自身的知识增殖与知识变形,并最终形成了后世"文学"研究始终游移于"致用"与"审美"之间的基本格局。

The appearance of "literature" subject, which as dependent learning system, is not a simple result of west learning’s transplant, there are three causes: traditional "letter theory" supplied rich learning resource for basic theory of modern "literature"; basic learning quality, which shaped by late Qing scholars, established learning base of literature study; modern colleging system ultimately established the basic form of "literature" subject. Therefore "literat...