天地会《会簿》中“西鲁故事”新解

A New interpretation of the Xilu Story in the Huibu of the Heaven and Earth Society

探讨天地会起源,必然涉及"西鲁故事",因为它隐藏着天地会起源的秘密。故事编者通过少林寺僧帮助清廷打败西鲁反遭残害的悲情故事,激发会众的反清情绪,争取社会舆论的同情。因此,正确解读"西鲁故事",便成为解开天地会起源之谜的关键。故事编者鉴于天地会创始者万提喜缺乏个人魅力和社会影响,因而假借有较高知名度和社会影响的道宗(达宗)之名作为天地会的创始者。但道宗是"万姓集团"降清的主谋,他的降清劣迹难以被倡导"反清复明"的天地会所接受,故事编者便利用清初以来福建流传的"西虏犯边"一事,虚构出少林寺和尚征西鲁的故事作为天地会的缘起。官书、档案和天地会《会簿》记载表明,天地会的创始人实际上是洪二和尚万提喜,故结会时多供奉"洪二和尚万提喜"的牌位,天地会《会簿》也把始祖写作"持喜"、"万提起"、"万提喜",并标明天地会"始祖居住福建云霄高溪"。这些均说明"西鲁故事"所隐藏的乃是万提喜创立天地会的秘密。

The legend of Xilu, or the Western Barbarians, is to be known as the secret of the origin of Heaven and Earth Society. The fabricator of this legend made up a tragedy of Shaolin Monks persecuted to death by the Qing Monarchy after helping the Qing Emperor to conquer the Xilu, generating among its members a strong anti-Qing sentiment and winning a support from the mass media. The careful interpretation of this legend, therefore, is the key to understand the secret of the origin of the Heaven and Earth Societ...