社会情境理论：贫困现象的另一种解释

Theory of Social Situation:an Interpretation of Poverty

1960-1990年代,西方学术界围绕"底层阶级"贫困群体的特征及产生,进行了一系列深入的研究和讨论,并形成了与此相关的理论解释——社会情境理论。该理论的中心关照对象是贫困群体,它试图从情境出发,解释社会适应过程中贫困群体生长的原因。尽管围绕这一理论形成了各式各样的亚型,但其中心思想是,社会适应的缺失造就了贫困群体。本文认真梳理了社会情境理论的基本线索,并对这一理论的若干亚型间的异同进行了比较。

From the 1960s to 1990s,theory of social situation developed on the basis of deep discussions of the characteristic of underclass and its emergence.As the poor underclass is the central focus,the theory tries to explain its growth in the process of its adaptation to society from social situation perspective.Despite many kinds of schools of the theory,the central opinion is that underclass is produced by the failure of adaptation.The paper systematically outlines the theory and compares some sects of it.