从口述史到文本传记——以“曹刿—曹沫”为考察对象

Oral History and Written Biography:The Case of "Cao Gui——Cao Mo"

有关先秦历史人物的史事记载在流传过程中,往往经历着史官记载——口述史——史官再记载的过程。在这一过程中,其人会因音近而出现异名,其事可能会有所增益或失真。纠缠不已的"曹刿—曹沫"的相关问题可以作为典型例证。上博简第四册《曹沫之陈》篇,曹刿、曹沫的本字""或"蔑"的出现,再次印证了先秦时期人物史事流传与演变的这一特点。这对于认识先秦史学的发展有一定的启发意义。

During the spread of the related historical personage s record in pro-Qin dynasty period,often experienced is that the official historian s records-became oral history and were officially recorded again.In this process,the personal name can be read differently because of pronunciation,the story could have some distortion,the plot could make some increase.The record of Cao Gui——Cao Mo may make a typical example."Cao Mo Zhi Chen",the longest text in Shanghai bamboo silk slips volume 4,has several kinds of dif...