经济援助的力量——评英帝国特惠制衰败过程中的一个外在因素

Power of Economic Aid——the Exterior Factor of the Recessionary Process of the Empire Preference System

在英帝国特惠制衰败过程中,美国对英国的经济援助是一个不可忽视的外在因素,其过程大致可分为三个阶段。第一,1942年的租借谈判中,美国通过向英国提供租借援助,迫使英国接受了美国的非歧视原则,这在原则上否定了帝国特惠制存在的基础;第二,在1945年英美财政和贸易谈判中,美国利用英国的财政危机,通过向英国提供财政贷款迫使英国承诺最终取消帝国特惠关税;第三,在1947年日内瓦谈判中,美国以马歇尔计划下的援助为讨价还价的筹码,使英国在帝国特惠制问题上做出了实质性的让步,帝国特惠制最终被打开了一个重大缺口。

In the recessionary process of Empire preference system,American economic aid to England was an important exterior factor.Its process was divided into three stages.Firstly,England had to accept the principle of no discrimination against United States,by American lend-lease assistence to England in lend-lease negotiation in 1942,which negated Empire preference system in principle.Secondly,England promised to cancel Empire preferential tariff,by American financial loan to England in Anglo-American trade negot...