从改进施肥技术来提高肥料利用率研究

Research on the Improvement of Fertilizer Practice and the Increase of Fertilizer Utilization

当前,我国化肥利用率很低,与发达国家相比,有较大差距。同时,低利用率造成了巨大的经济损失。资料显示,科学施肥,降低化肥用量,产量不但不会降低,反而略有增加,在本地小麦、玉米上的试验也表明,小麦在减少20%化肥用量基础上,增产615kg/hm2,增产率11.6%,节约化肥投资306元/hm2,增效984元/hm2,节本增效1290元/hm2,氮肥利用率达到41%,比原来30%提高了个11百分点;玉米采用以上技术,在减少20%化肥用量基础上,平均增产750kg/hm2,,增产率11.1%,节约化肥投资174元/hm2,增效1050元/hm2,节本增效1224元/hm2,氮肥利用率达到41%,比原来31%提高了个10百分点。因此,推广提高化肥利用率的科学施肥技术,前景十分广阔。

Compared with the developed country,presently,the efficiency of fertilizer utilization is very low in our county.At the same time,the low efficiency has brought great economic loss.The data shows that,if farmers can manuring scientifically,instead of reducing the output,the reduction of fertilizer utilization may produce a greater yield.The local wheat and corn tests also show that: When reducing the fertilizer utilization by 20%,the wheat production may increase by 615kg/hm2,the fertilizer investment may b...