日本最新滑坡调查及防治对策技术——赴日本考察地质灾害监测防治技术报告

Current investigation and control countermeasure of landslides in Japan——The investigation report about geological hazard monitoring and controlling technique of Japan

日本的国土面积为38万km2,其中73%是山地与丘陵,可居住面积很小。日本近海的板块运动,使其成为世界上寥寥可数的地震及火山活动多发地带的自然灾区,同时还形成了地壳极为脆弱的日本列岛。这种自然环境及为有效利用狭窄的国土而进行的人类活动,导致了非常多的各种灾害。在滑坡调查方面,最近开发出以提高精度为目标的新的调查方法:①激光高程测量法。通过激光测量可以制作出反映微地形的平面图;②泡沫钻孔采取高质量岩心,实现对滑坡土块的地质构造的正确解释;③滑坡自动观测预警系统。在滑坡防治对策方面,最近开发出以作业的安全化、高效化为目的的施工方法:无人化施工及大口径钢管桩治理滑坡。

National territory area of Japan is 380000km^2,among them,73% is mountain region and hill.Habitability area is very small.The block movement in Japan makes it become the belt of earthquakes and volcano movement in the world,at the same time,Japanese archipelago of the earth crust is extremely weak.So of natural environment and mankind s activity which effectively makes use of narrow territory leaded many of natural disaster, including geology hazard.In landslide investigation,new methods are used to improve...