电子垃圾处理环境中居民体内重金属水平及其影响因素的研究

Levels of Cadmium and Lead and Copper in Blood and Urine Samples from Residents Exposed to the E-waste Recycling Environment

目的分析暴露于电子垃圾处理环境的人群重金属内暴露水平及其影响因素。方法于2005年8—12月在我国南方某有十余年历史的电子垃圾集散地及无明显工业污染的农业区随机选取调查对象各59名(暴露组)和79名(对照组)。用原子吸收光谱法测定研究对象血和尿中铅、镉、铜水平,并分析研究对象体内的重金属水平及其相关影响因素。结果暴露组和对照组人群血铅、血镉及尿铅的差异均无统计学意义。但暴露组的尿铜水平(中位数:38.06μg/gCr)却高于对照组(中位数:23.69μg/gCr),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而对照组血清铜水平(中位数:0.86mg/L)和尿镉水平(中位数:1.96μg/gCr)则高于暴露组(血清铜中位数:0.76mg/L;尿镉中位数:1.04μg/gCr),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。此外,电子垃圾回收拆解从业史是血铅的危险因素(OR=3.2,P<0.05),性别和吸烟是血镉升高的危险因素(性别:OR=7.4,P<0.05;吸烟:OR=18.4,P<0.05)。结论电子垃圾处理环境中的铜污染可能危及当地居民健康。对照区未知的镉和铜潜在污染源暴露可能与当地居民尿镉和血清铜水平有关。

Objective To investigate the levels of lead,cadmium and copper in the blood and urine of residents exposed to the e-waste recycling environment. Methods The level of cadmium,lead and copper in the blood and the urine samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The factors relating to these heavy metal levels were also analyzed. Results Copper level in the urine samples in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control (P<0.01),however,the levels of either copper in the serum or cadmium in the urine samples from the control group were significantly higher compared with the exposure group (P<0.01). No significant differences were seen between the exposure group and the control group in the levels of lead and cadmium in the blood. The factor affected the blood cadmium level were gender and tobacco smoking. Conclusion Copper pollution from the e-waste recycling site may relate to the high copper level in the body of the local resident. More attention should be paid to the levels of cadmium,lead and copper in the blood of local people although the pollution sources of these heavy metals are unknown.