城市居民对环境噪声的感知调查

Investigation of Environmental Noise Perception of Residents in Lu'an City

目的了解城市环境噪声对居民心理健康和行为活动的影响。方法于2005年2—3月和2006年9—10月,在六安市城区的4类功能区(Ⅰ类功能区以居住区、文教机关为主,Ⅱ类功能区是居住、商业、工业混杂区,Ⅲ类功能区为工业区,Ⅳ类功能区为交通干线两侧区域)选择有代表性的地域作为调查点。采用《环境噪声感知调查表》对在调查区域生活1a及其以上的居民进行噪声环境的感知状况调查,并结合"十五"期间六安市不同功能区间平均等效声级和不同等效声级覆盖面积及人口情况(来源于六安市环境保护局"十五"环境质量报告书)计算了噪声烦恼度阈限值。共设84个调查点,收集有效问卷952份。结果男性对环境噪声感到焦虑和烦恼的百分比[39.09%(193/494)]低于女性[48.69%(223/458)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着年龄的增长,对环境噪声感到焦虑和烦恼、影响学习或工作效率的人群的百分比呈下降趋势,感到听觉不适、影响睡眠或作息的人群的百分比呈升高趋势。从事脑力劳动者对环境噪声感到焦虑和烦恼[57.51%(249/433)]、影响学习或工作效率[41.11%(178/433)]、影响睡眠或作息的百分比[55.20%(239/433)]高于从事体力劳动者[依次为32.18%(167/519),16.96%(88/519),47.40%(246/519)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。六安市噪声烦恼度阈限值为58.6dB(A),平均等效声级值为59.9dB(A)。有45.97%的地区、13.11万居民暴露在噪声烦恼度阈限值范围以上。结论环境噪声已经对本次调查的六安市居民的心理健康和行为活动造成一定影响。

Objective To understand the situation of, mental health and behavior of the residents influenced by the environment noise. Methods From Feb. till Mar. 2005 and from Sep. till Oct. 2006, the residents living in 4 functional districts in Lu'an city, Anhui Province for one year or more were investigated by questionnaire. The investigation involved the general status, noise perception, behavior, adjustability and so on. 952 available questionnaires from 84 sites were attained. Results The significant differences were seen in the environmental noise perception among sex, age, occupation and health status (P<0.05). The noise threshold of subjective annoyance was 58.6 dB(A) that decreases 1.3 dB(A) from environmental protection department in the whole urban area. 45.97% of areas was influenced and 131.1 thousand residents were exposed to the noise which was over the subjective annoyance threshold. 63.1% of the residents adapted to the noise. Conclusion The residents, mental health and behavior have been impacted by the environment noise in Lu'an city.