我国农村改水改厕及其对控制肠道传染病效益评价进展

Benefit of Water Supply and Latrine Improvement in Control of Intestinal Infectious Diseases in Rural Areas of China

笔者对我国农村改水改厕工作及其对控制肠道传染病的效益评价进展进行了综述。结果显示,我国农村改水改厕工作在最近20a进展加速,截止至2005年底,农村改水受益率为94.06%,农村居民自来水普及率达到61.32%,卫生厕所普及率达55.31%;且农村改水改厕可降低肠道传染病的发生和流行。建议政府应加大改水改厕资金的投入,并开展相关研究,以建立有价值、完善的农村疾病控制体系,为国家制订农村改水改厕及相关公共卫生工作的实施策略提供科学依据。

The research progress in water supply and latrine improvement as well as its effects on controlling intestinal infectious diseases in rural areas of China were reviewed in the present paper. It showed that China had significant gains in rural water supply and sanitary latrines over the past two decades. By the end of 2005, 94.06% of the rural population had benefited from the improved water supply, 61.32% of the rural residents were supplied with the running water and 55.31% used the sanitary latrines. As a result, the occurrence of the intestinal infectious diseases had significantly declined. To develop a perfect disease control system in the rural areas in China, the role of government will be important and critical.