湖北省4种水稻土养分状况的系统研究

On Nutrients of Paddy Soils from Four Different Regions in Hubei Province

利用土壤养分状况系统研究法对湖北省4个不同地区典型水稻土的养分状况进行了综合评价。土壤化学分析结果表明,鄂东南蕲春县油-稻-稻三熟制区花岗片麻岩母质发育的水稻土(1#土)、鄂中荆门油-稻两熟区Q3母质发育的水稻土(2#土)、鄂北襄樊市麦-稻两熟区Q3母质发育的水稻土(3#土)、江汉平原洪湖市油-稻两熟区近代河流冲积物母质发育的水稻土(4#土),均主要缺乏N、P和K。并且4种土壤N的缺乏程度依次为3#>4#>1#>2#、P为1#>2#>3#>4#、K为1#>3#>4#>2#。以高粱为指示作物的生物试验结果表明,1#土主要缺乏N、P、K、Zn;2#、3#和4#土主要缺乏N、P,同时施K也有一定效果。生物试验结果表明4种土壤N缺乏程度为3#>2#>4#>1#,P为3#>1#>2#>4#。结果显示土壤化学分析和盆栽生物试验判定养分丰缺种类结果基本一致,但两种方法判定的养分缺乏程度顺序不一致。

The nutrients of four selected paddy soils in different regions of Hubei Province were evaluated by the soil chemical-property analytical method and the biomass pot experimental method, respectively. The first method indicated that N, P and K were the major limiting factors in the soil developed from granite parent material with early-rapeseed/late-rice rotation in Qichun county (1# soil), from Q3 parent material with rapeseed/rice rotation in Jimen (2# soil), from Q3 parent material with wheat/rice rotation in Xiangfan city (3# soil), and from alluvial deposit parent material with rapeseed/rice rotation in Honghu city (4# soil). The order of N deficiency degree among the 4 soils was 3#>4#>1#>2#, the order of P deficiency degree was 1#>2#>3#>4#, the order of K deficiency degree was 1#>3#>4#>2#, respectively. The second method using sorghum as indicating crop showed that N, P, K and Zn were the major limiting factors in 1# soil, N and P were the major limiting factors in 2#, 3# and 4# soil. The sorghum pot experiment also showed K application could increase the biomass weight which indicated K deficiency might be a limited factor except N and P for soil 2#, 3# and 4#. The pot experiment result showed that the order of N deficiency degree among the 4 soils was 3#>2#>4#>1#, the order of P deficiency degree was 3#>1#>2#>4#. Both methods disclosed the same limited factors for the four paddy soils, but showed some differences in the nutrient deficiency degree and the order of nutrient deficiency degree among the four paddy soils.