李营养累积、分布及叶片养分动态研究

On Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Plum Tree as well as Nutrient Dynamic Changes in Plum leaves

基于保障生态和果品安全以及合理实施果园养分管理的前提,对大石早生李树体各部位营养元素积累、分布以及各营养元素的周年变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:①营养元素在各个器官的相对含量,除K、Zn在果实中含量最高外,N、P、Ca、Mg均以叶片中含量为最高,以叶片做营养诊断是适宜的。②大石早生李树体营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的元素比值为10.00:1.26:6.42:12.57:2.46:1.87:0.14。③100kg鲜果的养分吸收量分别为:N772.47g,P74.25g,K730.33g,Ca874.16g,Mg169.82g,Fe66.05g,Zn7.53g,N:P:K的比例为1.00:0.10:0.95。④N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的含量随物侯期呈规律性变化。生长季初期,N、P、K、Zn、Cu的含量迅速下降,Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg呈逐渐上升的趋势;中期这9种元素总体变化幅度较小;后期Fe、Cu、N、P、K的含量呈下降趋势,Mn、Zn、Ca、Mg依然上升。本结果既丰富了国内李营养理论,同时又为制定合理的施肥措施及建立绿色优质果品科技示范基地提供了理论依据。

Based on ecological and fruit safety as well as the garden reasonable fertilization, the nutrient accumulation and distribution in Dashi early ripening plum tree as well as the nutrient annual dynamic changes in the leaves were studied. The results showed that: 1)the relative contents of K and Zn in fruit were the highest, but N, P, Ca and Mg in lamina were the highest, so lamina is suitable for nutrient diagnosis. 2) The element ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in Dashi early ripening plum tree was 10.00 : 1.26 : 6.42 : 12.57 : 2.46 : 1.87 : 0.14. 3) The nutrient absorption per 100 kg fresh fruit was: N 772.47 g,P 74.25 g,K 730.33 g,Ca 874.16 g,Mg 169.82 g,Fe 66.05 g,Zn 7.53 g, respectively. N : P : K was 1.00 : 0.10 : 0.95. 4) The content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu showed regular changes with the growth period. At initial growth period, the content of N, P, K, Zn and Cu decreased quickly, but Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg tended to increase gradually; at the middle period, the fluctuation of the nine elements was little; at the later period, the content of Fe, Cu, N, P and K reduced, but Mn, Zn, Ca and Mg still increased. These results not only enriched the domestic theory of plum nutrition, but also provided the theoretical information for the reasonable fertilization and the construction of the science and technology demonstration base of green and high quality fruits.