水资源紧缺条件下永昌县农户苜蓿灌溉及种植效益调查

Surveys on alfalfa irrigation and economic benefit to farmers in water resource scarcity condition of Yongchang County

永昌县属水资源紧缺地区,以随机走访的方式,调查了当地井灌区、河灌区55户农户的灌溉和种植效益情况,发现对苜蓿、小麦、大麦在河灌区与井灌区采取不同的灌溉方式:河灌区为多量少次,井灌区为少量多次;河灌区作物灌溉总量显著高于井灌区(P<0.05),井灌区种植作物更加节水;苜蓿的净收益在河灌区较小麦好,而在井灌区却低于小麦,河灌区是苜蓿种植的理想地方,虽然苜蓿在井灌区的灌溉水效益高于河灌区,从节水角度,在井灌区种植苜蓿比较适宜,而农户考虑的主要是经济效益,所以河灌区固然浪费水,但仍有相当大面积的苜蓿种植。应通过政策引导,使节水的同时经济效益也较好,这将有利于苜蓿经济效益与节水效益共同提高。

Yongchang County was a water scarcity area.Alfalfa irrigation and economic benefit to farmers in Yongchang county were surveyed by randomly investigated 55.The results show that the irrigation pattern is different between well-irrigation and river-irrigation place,that is more irrigation times but fewer amount in well-irrigation place while more irrigation amount but fewer times in river-irrigation place;irrigation gross a year in river-irrigation place was remarkably higher than it in well-irrigation place,it was much more water saved planted alfalfa,wheat and barely in well-irrigation place than in river-irrigation place;The economic benefit of sowing alfalfa is higher than wheat in river-irrigation place,but in well-irrigation place which is contrary;Because of economic benefit,there are large area in river-irrigation place covered by alfalfa although wasting more water.Therefore,policy should be made to guild the alfalfa industry to save more water and more economic benefit as well in Yongchang County.