关于儿童社会技能的模型研究及其启示

A Research on the Implications of the Theoretical Models of Children's Social Skill

社会技能是个体经过学习获得的、在特定社会情境中有效而适当地与他人进行相互交往的活动方式。这一概念可以从"同伴接纳定义"、"行为定义"和"社会效度定义"三种方式加以界定。关于儿童社会技能的研究可以归纳出四种理论观点或模型,即行为结构的观点、人际问题解决的观点、社会技能的加工阶段模型以及社会技能的社会信息加工模型。社会技能和社会能力两个概念有着重要的差别。在干预和训练中要考虑个体特点、交往过程和行为背景等多个层面,以形成和提高社会能力为训练目标。

Social skill is the way of behavior that an individual acquired by learning, and used to interact effectively and properly with others. This concept can be defined from peer accepting definition, behavior definition, and social validity definition. The researches on children's social skill were in the frames of four theoretical perspectives or models, those were behavior structure perspective, interpersonal problem solving perspective, processing stage model, and social information processing model. There are important differences between social skill and social competence. Training and intervention programs should involve individual traits, interaction process, and behavior backgrounds, and targeting on the improvement of the social competence.