744名太原地区女性尿失禁患病情况分析

An analysis of 744 female urinary incontinence in Taiyuan city

目的调查太原地区女性尿失禁患病情况及其特点。方法按照整群随机抽样方法,选取太原市北城区和涧河乡常住18岁以上成年女性进行问卷调查,并行妇科检查和POP-Q系统量化描述盆腔器官位置。结果收集有效问卷744份,占抽样研究对象的93%。调查结果显示:女性尿失禁患病率49.33%,其中压力性尿失禁占64.03%,轻度尿失禁81.20%;尿失禁中有11.44%的女性其症状发生在冬春季节;随着孕次、产次的增多,尿失禁发生和失禁程度渐升高(P<0.01);第一胎自娩有会阴撕裂者,产程中剖宫产和难产者尿失禁发生率明显高于其他组,而选择性剖宫产者尿失禁发生率则明显低于其他组;同时可见在家中分娩者尿失禁发生率明显高于在医院分娩者(P<0.05),农村地区女性尿失禁发生率明显高于城市,有显著性差异(P<0.01);产后1月内参加较重体力劳动,尿失禁的发生率增加;女性尿失禁中子宫脱垂、阴道前后壁脱垂的发生率显著高于正常组(P<0.001),并且与女性压力性尿失禁的失禁程度呈明显正相关关系,相关系数r分别为0.160、0.249、0.217(P<0.01)。结论尿失禁是女性常见疾病,农村地区高发,压力性和轻度尿失禁多见,且多伴发盆腔器官脱垂,治疗尿失禁和盆腔器官脱垂应兼顾。

Objective To investigate prevalence of female urinary incontinence(UI) in Taiyuan city.Methods By cluster sampling,data were obtained by questionnaire survey from 744 women aged more than 18 years old who lived in the north of Taiyuan city and Jianhe village.All of subjects were quantitatively described dimensional orientation by POP-Q(Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification) stage system.Results 776 women were interviewed among 800 women,and 744 women answered the questionnaire.According to the data analysis,the prevalence of female urinary incontinence was 49.33%,of which,stress UI accounted for 64.03 % and mild cases of UI accounted for 81.20 %.Winter and spring were the prevalent season.The incidence and the grade of UI raised with increase in frequency of gestation and delivery.The incidence of UI was higher in the first vaginal delivery accompanied with rupture of perineum and forceps delivery than in other delivery patterns.However,the lower incidence of UI was found in cesarean section group.The incidence was higher among people who delivered at home,lived in the country or took part in labor within one month after delivery.Furthermore,the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse in women experienced UI was higher than normal women(P<0.001).Positive correlation was found between uterine prolapse,bulge of vaginal wall and urinary incontinence(r =0.160,0.249,0.217,respectively).Conclusion Urinary incontinence is a common disease in women.Stress urinary incontinence and mild urinary incontinence are more popular.The incidence of UI is higher in the country than in the city.Pelvic organ prolapse is closely related with stress urinary incontinence so both of them should be considered in the process of remedy.