论国家所有权在物权法中的特殊地位

On the Special Status of State Ownership in Jus Rerem

国家作为特殊类型的民事主体主要存在于物权法律关系中。国家作为所有权主体无论就其客体范围,还是就其行权方式都有别于其他类型的所有人。国家所有权制度的设计必须体现与时俱进的思想,根据社会经济的实际需要和具体国情进行改革和调整。未来的国家所有权在立法上应满足的基本要求是首先,立法理念上应树立国家所有权的存在目的是为了服务于私人所有权的观念。其次,应准确划定国家所有人和国有财产的实际使用人之间对国有财产处理的具体权限范围。再次,应明确国家所有权行使的基本要求是防止国有资产流失和实现国有财产的保值和增值。最后,应强化国家所有权的保护措施,充实国家所有权的保护手段,有条件地赋予检察机关、工会和职工对侵害国有财产行为的起诉权。

As a special civil subject,the state mainly exists in the jural relation of right in rem.As a subject of proprietary right,the state owns different scopes of objects and methods of exercising its rights from other proprietors.The designation of state ownership ought to reflect the reality.The state ownership in future should satisfy the basic needs on the legislation as follows: first,we should establish the ideal that the state ownership exists to serve the right of private property;second,we should accurately distinguish the specific range of right of state from and the holders of the right to the use;third,we should make sure that the basic requirement of the exercise of state ownership is to prevent the drain of state-owned assets and realize its stability and increment in value;finally,we should augment and fulfill the measures and methods to protect state ownership and authorize the procuratorial organization,trade union,and staff and workers the right to sue the damage of state-owned property under present circumstance.