《诗经》中“弃妇”形象论

On the Image of Abandoned Women in the Book of Odes

弃妇是男权中心文化的历史见证。《诗经》里记录了男权中心文化将思妇沦为弃妇的全过程,甚至可以说,《诗经》是男性无条件征服女性的文学记载。弃妇的形象并不是单篇作品中所表现出来的那一种模样,而是由众多篇章组合起来演绎出的一个有机整体。弃妇的形象应该包括三个层面:一是弃妇被弃前后在家庭角色中所表现出的品格;二是被弃后对此一命运的态度;三是社会对弃妇本身态度的评价。这三个层面结合起来,在文学史上构成了完整的弃妇形象。

In the long history of Chinese culture,only the men had the power to abandon his wife with the reasonable or unreasonable excuses,whereas the women had no freedom to divorce;abandoned women were the historical witness of masculine culture.The Book of Odes has narrated all the process of masculine culture changing missing wives into abandoned women,in other words,the Book of Odes is the narration of men conquering women unconditionally.The image of abandoned women was not a performance in only one work,but an integral image combined and deducted from lot of works.The image of abandoned women was formed by the abandoned women and the social expectation.The image of abandoned women contains three strata: the characters of abandoned women before and after the abandonment,the attitude towards fate after the abandonment and the evaluation of society upon abandoned women's attitude,which jointly formed the complete image of abandoned women.