三十年代文学与人性面面观

A General Survey of the Literature and Human Nature in the 1930s

三十年代初的一场民族灾难使中国文人不得不暂时将“人的文学”大旗搁置一边 ,投入到抗战文学的洪流中去 ,文学中的曾经张扬的“人性”也随之走向低潮。在这一时期里 ,梁实秋朱光潜等理论家依然在人文主义的花园里默默耕耘 ,承传并发展了“五四”的人文主义文学理论。梁实秋的二元人性论是对周作人人性论的继承和扬弃 ,朱光潜则以人文主义心理学的美学思想运用于文学研究。在创作上 ,人性问题的发展体现为深化与分化的双重嬗变。京派与海派的作品从不同角度展现了新鲜的人文文化风格 :前者着眼于回忆中的乡村 ,后者致力于现实中的都市。沈从文为喧嚣的文坛提供了一个诗意宁静的“湘西世界” 。

Facing the nation's perish in the 1930s,the Chinese literati have to temporarily put the idea-“human's literature'away, and throw themselves into the literature of the War of Resistance Against Japan, then as a result, the “human-nature' once spread in the literature was also at the low tide. During this period, some theorists such as Liang Shiqiu, Zhu Guangqian, still insisted on the study of humanism, inheriting and developing the humanism literature theory of May 4th Movement. Liang Shiqiu inherited and developed the theory of human-naturalism originated from Zhou zuoren into the theory of human-nature dualism, while Zhu Guangqian applied the aesthetics mind into the literature study. On the works of literature, the development of human-nature problems embodies the tow branches: deep and broad. From different angles, the works of Beijing-style and Shanghai-style show a new human cultural style; the former focuses on the rural in the memory, the latter looks into the urban in the reality.