红山诸文化“神鸟”崇拜与萨满“鸟神”

Divine Bird Worship in Hongshan Culture and Bird Totem of Shamanism

鸟崇拜是人类原始图腾崇拜的普遍形式.距今8000～5000年的红山诸文化曾经有过十分发达的'神鸟'崇拜.在考古发现的遗物中有许多各类鸟形纹样、鸟形雕塑和以石、陶、泥、木、玉等材质制成的鸟形器和佩饰物.鸟是北方诸族萨满的主神或主要保护神,在北方古代游牧民族中鸟崇拜和鸟祖神话十分流行.红山诸文化的'神鸟'崇拜与北方民族的'鸟神'崇拜,特别是萨满'鸟神'有诸多相似之处.

Bird worship is a universal form of human primordial totemism. Bird worship in Hongshan culture developed fast 5,000 or 8,000 years ago.Among the remains from the archeological discovery,there are a variety of birds with elegant shapes,carvings of birds,weapons of bird shape and ornaments on clothes made of stone,potter's clay,mud,jade,etc.Bird,as the chief God and God of protection among the northern nationalities,popularly existed in the bird worship among the ancient people and fair tales.There are many similarities between the divine bird in Hongshan culture and the bird totem,especially bird totem of Shamanism.