天文经纬度和天文方位角测定的基本原理

The basic principle of mensurating astronomical longitude,latitude and azimuth angle

大地天文测量无论在基础科学,还是在国民经济和国防建设中都具有重要的意义。随着空间大地测量技术(VLB、ILLR、SLR和GPS等)的发展,虽然天文测量在应用上有所减少,但在大地测量的绝对定位和中远程武器的发射等领域中仍然是不可替代的技术。本文详细地介绍了天文经纬度和天文方位角测量的基本原理和方法,综述了天文测量目前的发展状况和存在的问题。本文的工作可为天文大地测量的研究提供一定的参考和依据。

The conventional methods of geodesy and astrometry have an important meaning whether in basic science or in the construction of national economy and national defence.With the development of space geodesy techniques(VLBI,LLR,SLR and GPS,et al.),the application of classical geodesy and astrometry became less and less in application,but it is indispensability technique in absolute orientation of geodesy,launch of mid and long-distance arms,and in other scientific domains.This paper will introduce the basic principle of mensurating astronomical longitude,latitude and azimuth angle in detail,and summarize status quo and existent problems of geodesy and astrometry.The work of this paper may offer some reference and gist for research on astrometry and geodesy.