摘要
在这个日益被人类活动所改变的世界里,保护生物多样性对于维持有恢复力的生态系统和确保生态系统产品的可持续流动以及对社会的服务是至关重要的。但是,现有的自然保护区和国家公园不大可能结合生态系统的长期和大尺度的动态。因此,保护策略必须包括大面积的人类利用经营的土地。为了能使生态系统在大规模的自然和人为干扰之后得以重组,以生态存储形式出现的空间恢复力是必备的前提。生态存储包括那些能使生态系统得以重组的物种、相互作用和结构,它的组成部分可能出现在干扰斑块中,也可能出现在周围的景观中。现有的静态自然保护区应该由动态自然保护区加以补充,例如生态休闲地和动态演替保护区,这些都是在景观尺度上模拟自然干扰状况,进行生态系统经营的组成部分。
In a world increasingly modified by human activities, the conservation of biodiversity is essential as insurance to maintain resilient ecosystems and ensure a sustainable flow of ecosystem goods and services to society. However, existing reserves and national parks are unlikely to incorporate the long-term and large-scale dynamics of ecosystems. Hence, conservation strategies have to actively incorporate the large areas of land that are managed for human use. For ecosystems to reorganize after large-scale natural and human-induced disturbances, spatial resilience in the form of ecological memory is a prerequisite. The ecological memory is composed of the species, interactions and structures that make ecosystem reorganization possible, and its components may be found within disturbed patches as well in the surrounding landscape. Present static reserves should be complemented with dynamic reserves, such as ecological fallows and dynamic successional reserves, that are part of ecosystem management mimicking natural disturbance regimes at the landscape level.
