论《瓦尔登》的先验主义田园派特征

Walden--Prose of Transcendental Pastoral

梭罗的代表作《瓦尔登》之所以为先验主义文学的特征是因为全文的宗旨是先验主义宗旨 :自然有产生愉悦、提供价值和意义的能力。同时它跟古典田园文学有相似之处 :其一是转录田园希望 ;其二是颂扬悠闲以及完全放松与宇宙溶为一体的感觉。还指出了它跟古典田园文学的不同之处 ;它属于美国典型浪漫主义牧歌式文学 ,描写的是与现实相接的一片神秘、原始、荒芜的乐土 ;其次《瓦尔登》冷静开明。不是一味地歌颂田园牧歌 ,否认现实的工业化 ,而是同时列举田园及工业化各自的优劣 ,表现对田园的一丝怀旧 ,对现代工业既敬慕又畏惧的情怀。

Thoreaus Walden is a transcendental literature because the crux of Walden is that of transcendentalism:nature has the capacity to produce delight,supply value and meaning.Meanwhile,Walden is related to the classic pastoral.The similarities are:to circumscribe the pastoral hope and to celebrate the idleness and that sense of relaxed solidarity with the universe.The differences are:Walden belongs to typical American version of romantic pastoral,which describes a mysterious,untrammeled and primal paradise beginning at the limit of a real village;and Walden is cool and open minded.It doesnt celebrate the pastoralism or deny the real industrialism,but lists the advantages and disadvantages of the two,showing its authors nostalgia for pastoral as well as his admiration for and fear of the industrial.