基于小学科学教材特点的创生性教材使用方法

The Creative Methods of Science Student's Book Disposal Based on the Characteristics of Students' Book in Primary School

由“教材”向“学材”转变、强调科学探究、组织结构走向心理化以及开放性的呈现方式,是目前国内不同版本小学科学教材的共同特点.面对新教材的这些特点,小学教师主要采用忠实取向和相互适应取向两种方法处理教材.实践过程中,两种取向的教材处理方法存在的许多问题极大地影响了新课程实施的效果.这些问题的根源在于教师对教材不适应,缺乏理论指导和实际操作方法和经验.因此有效使用小学科学教材应从以下两方面入手:理论上,理清教材与课程标准的关系;方法上,创生性的使用小学科学教材.

In primary school,the present Science Student's Book is distinguished from the traditionary Nature Student's Book.The performance of the Books' characteristics is in four aspects: changing toward the studding material by the teaching material,emphasizing inquiry,psychological organization and opening formal style.Been up against these transformations,teachers adopted the Student's Book in two ways: fidelity orientation and mutual adoption orientation.If teachers took order with the Books in this two ways,they were frequently puzzled by some problems,which brings on the new curriculum less efficient.In fact,the springhead of the problems lies in teachers' maladjustment,because they run short of the theories guide and technique.Accordingly making sure the Science student's Book efficiently,teachers Should commence from the following sides: theoretically,grasping of the relations between the National Curriculum Standards and the Student's Book;methodologically,taking order with the Student's Book creatively.