长江口及邻近海域底栖生物分布及与低氧区的关系研究

Study on relation of distribution of benthos and hypoxia in Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea

2005年夏季对长江口及毗邻海域(长江口、杭州湾和舟山海域)的40个站位进行了底栖生物的分类、组成、丰度、生物量以及多样性的研究。底栖生物共监测到86种,其中以长江口底栖生物种类最多(62种);全海域底栖生物生物量平均9.55 g/m2,其中以舟山海区最高(12.45 g/m2),最低为杭州湾(0.53 g/m2);栖息密度平均为86个/m2,其中以长江口最高(138个/m2),舟山海区次之(33个/m2),杭州湾最少(4个/m2);各海区底栖生物多样性指数以舟山海区最高(1.28),长江口和杭州湾多样性指数均小于1,尤其是杭州湾仅为0.33;底栖生物的沙漠化程度较重,长江口、杭州湾及舟山海区生物量为零的站位分别占了31.2%、33.3%、13.3%。将以上结果与近十年来的积累调查资料比较显示,底栖生物生存环境仍较恶劣,长江口和杭州湾海域仍有三分之一的区域无底栖生物,但这种趋势近年来已有所缓解。在长江口季节性低氧区内的站位,底栖生物生物量和栖息密度都远远高于调查海域的平均值,特别是多毛类和棘皮动物,这说明长江口季节性低氧区的存在并不会完全破坏低氧区底栖生态系统。

The benthos at 40 sites in the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea area(the whole study area was divided into three main regions,the Yangtze River Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan sea area) were investigated by the taxonomy and calculating the composition,abundance,biomass and diversity indices in summer 2005.86 species of benthic animals were collected.The average benthic biomass in the whole study area was 9.55 g/m2,with the three regions average were,respectively,12.45 g/m2 in Zhoushan sea area,8.52...