汉代田庄依附人口社会地位辨析

An Analysis of the Social Status of Dependents on Tianzhuang in the Han Dynasty

汉代田庄主以雇佣劳动或收取地租为手段控制的宗族、宾客、徒附、部曲、奴婢等众多依附人口,除奴婢外,他们不仅在法律上是国家的编户齐民,而且在社会现实中,其绝大多数也处在国家掌控之中,承担国家的义务。即使是在东汉末年群雄并起的非正常社会状态下,田庄中的依附人口即便不在中央政府的控制之下,也在地方割据政权的控制之下。否则,在当时社会条件下,无论是中央政府还是地方政权都将无法正常运转。

Although the lord of a tianzhuang in the Han Dynasty controlled his clansmen,guests,tufu,buqu and slaves and maid-servant,who were either employed or paid rent to the lord,all of them,except slaves and maid-servants,were the legal subjects of the state the majority of whom were under the control of the state and must assume responsibility for the state.Even in the last years of the East Dynasty when the social conditions were unsteady,dependents on tianzhuang were still,if not under the control of the centr...