汉代哲学的天人同构论及其美学意义

Isomorphism of Man and Nature in Philosophy of Han Dynasty and Its Aesthetic Value

天人合一是中国哲学和美学的基本命题。在汉代,这一命题被下降为身体与世界的同构关系。首先,按照汉代的元气自然论,人体与自然均被视为“气”的凝结物,所以双方是同质的;其次,自然像人一样有自我完成的身体,所以双方是同体的;再次,身体性的自然是生命、情感、意志化的自然,所以双方是相动相感的。据此,汉代哲学的天人合一,起于人对自然的身体想象。终于天与人的互感和互动。现代意义上的“自然人化”,在此表现为自然的身体化;“人的自然化”则表现为人以身体为范式建构对象世界。

The unity of man and nature is the basic preposition in Chinese philosophy and aesthetics.This preposition was low- ered and regarded as an isomorphic relationship between human body and the objective world in Han Dynasty.First,according to natural vitality theory in Han Dynasty,human body and nature are seen as polymer of Qi(one kind of energy from universe), therefore,they are identical in essence.Second,like man,nature has a well-developed body,so man and nature are similar to each other in that they both have a body.Third,the bodily nature is endowed with life,feeling and will,which means that man and nature can respond to each other.In the light of the theory of natural vitality,the unity of man and nature in philosophy of Han Dynasty originates from man's imagination of nature with a body and terminates at their mutual response and interactivity. Here,“the humanization of nature”in a modem sense is manifested in its possession of a body,and“the naturalization of man”finds expression in that man constructs the world according to the form of human body.