试错法及其在教育政策中的表现

Trial-and-error Method and Its Embodiment in Educational Policy

试错法(尝试——错误说)是解释个体在面临新问题时寻求问题解决过程的一种理论,它是指从多次尝试解决问题却多次遭遇失败中寻求问题解决之道。它可以描述科学史上一些科学发现、科学发明的过程。根据科学哲学家卡尔·波普尔关于试错法的观点,以及公共决策中理性决策模式的重要特征,试错可以分为理性试错和非理性试错。中国的教育政策具有非理性试错的表现,体现在两个方面:频繁颁布政策文本,流行试点。

Trial-and-error method is the theory that can explain an individual how to solve a new problem.It means to look for the way of problem solving from trials and failures.In scientific history,it can describe the process of some science discovery and science in- vention.Based on K.R.Popper's viewpoint about trial-and-error method and the important characteristics of rational models in public decision,there are two kinds of trials:rational trial and irrational trial.The educational policies of China are inclined to irrational trial, which is validated by two aspects:(1)continually promulgate policy text;(2)tests are popular.