张弼士与近代“客商”文化

Zhang Bi-shi and the Modern Hakka Businessman Culture

近代民族工业的先驱者张弼士是“客商”文化的开拓者。他成功的一生,和“客商”文化“崇名务实”的职业品质、“仕”“商”相济的人生理念、鲜明的“儒商”情怀以及深沉的“家国意识”紧密联系在一起。张弼士是近代敢于国际竞争并且取得成功的中国实业家之一。他是中国葡萄酒制造、农业机械制造业和玻璃制造业的创始人,是中国近代航运业、铁路业、金融业和海外华文教育的奠基人之一,海外“华商”组织的创始人和早期领导者。他是中国最早注重营销策划和品牌效应的企业家之一。今天研究张弼士和近代“客商”文化,对于在经济全球化背景下提高华商国际竞争力有积极作用。

Zhang Bishi,ther modern Chinese industrial forerunner,was one of the pioneers of the Hakka businessman culture.His successful career was deeply rooted in the 'down-to-earth and prestige-aspiration' occupational quality of the Hakka businessman culture,the idea of 'officialdom in cooperation with business',and vivid characteristic of 'intellectual businessman',as well as the 'understanding interest.' As one of the successful entrepreneurs that braved the global competition,he not only laid the foundation for the wine production,but also initiated the agricultural machinery making,glass-making,the shipping industry,and the railway industry,as well as the financial business.He was also one of the advocators of the overseas Chinese education,one of the overseas Chinese business organizers.More conspicuous was his emphasis upon the sales strategies and brand effect.Therefore,the study of him and the modern Hakka businessman culture is crucial to the improvement of the competition of Chinese business in the global economy.