通讯监听行为的法律规制

On Regulation of Wiretapping of Criminal Investigation

通讯监听是侦查机关在刑事诉讼实践中经常采用通讯监听这一种技术侦查手段,该项行为直接影响到宪法所保障的公民的言论、通讯自由、隐私权等基本权利和自由,因而会发生“控制犯罪”与“保护人权”的利益冲突。在中国,由于对通讯监听行为只作了原则性的规定,因而应当以法律形式对通讯监听的案件范围、适用对象、前提条件、审批程序、实施期限、执行措施以及监听材料的具体使用等进行合理规制,以使它能够在正当法律程序范围内规范运行。

In order to investigate crimes,the police usually wiretap the criminal suspects to collect criminal evidence.Wiretapping,which is technical,secret and enforceable,will inevitably impairs the freedom of speech,the freedom of communication and privacy of individual citizens if it is used beyond necessary.In China,laws impose little legal duty on the investigators when they are wiretapping.To protect human rights of the accused,wiretapping of criminal investigation should be regulated according to due process of law.Therefore,the statutes should define the scope of wiretapping affairs and who could be wiretapped.The requirements,the reviewing process,the limitation and the means of wiretapping should be set up also.And the information by wiretapping can only used for proving crimes.