肥料施用对小麦和玉米产量及钾素含量的影响

Yield and Potassium Content of Wheat and Corn as Affected by Long Term Fertilization

利用定位试验,研究了在施用氮磷化肥的基础上,施用钾肥和(或)有机肥对小麦、玉米的籽粒和秸秆产量及含钾量的影响.结果表明,长期施用钾肥和(或)有机肥可使小麦籽粒和秸秆产量、玉米籽粒和秸秆产量分别提高12.9%～63.9%、10.5%～98.3%、14.0%～107.5%和13.6%～72.8%.小麦和玉米钾素主要存在于秸秆中,籽粒中的钾素含量很低.小麦籽粒和秸秆的含钾量高于玉米相应部位含钾量.从钾素营养归还的角度考虑,应优先将小麦秸秆还田.

The effect of potash and organic manure fertilization on the yield and potassium content of wheat and corn was studied based on 3 long term field trials located in Hebei Province and Shandong Province,started in 1986.It was shown that long term application of potash and organic manure increased both the seed yield and straw yield of wheat by 12.9%-63.9% and 10.5%-98.3% respectively,the seed yield and straw yield of corn by 14.0%-107.5% and 13.6%-72.8% respectively.Potassium existed mainly in straw of wheat and corn,the content of potassium in seed was relatively lower.The content of potassium in wheat was higher than that in corn in terms of the same part.Therefore,return wheat straw to field is better than return corn straw from the point of view of potassium balance.