施用化肥和秸秆对土壤有机质含量及性质的影响

The Effect of Chemical and Organic Straw Fertilization on the Content and Properties of Soil Organic Matter

在潮土上进行的长期定位试验结果表明,不同施肥措施对土壤有机质含量及性质有明显影响。施用化肥和有机肥都可以提高土壤有机质含量,但化肥和有机秸秆肥对腐殖质结合形态的影响不同。化肥倾向于增加不同形态腐殖质的含量,同时提高松解态和稳结态腐殖质的比例,加速消耗地力;而有机秸秆对腐殖质形态作用不如化肥明显。化肥和有机肥都能增加土壤腐殖酸含量,化肥促进腐殖酸中富啡酸(FA)含量增加而对胡敏酸(HA)影响不大,造成HA/FA下降;与化肥作用相反,有机秸杆肥提高腐殖酸中胡敏酸含量而对富啡酸影响不大,结果使HA/FA升高。化肥使有机质品质变差,而有机肥使有机质品质改善,生产上宜有机、无机结合施用。

The result of long-term experiment conducted on fluvo-aquic soil indicated that:different fertilizations had marked effect on the content and properties of soil organic matter(OM).Both chemical and organic straw fertilizers increased the soil OM content,but differed in the effect on the OM properties.Chemical fertilizer tended to increase all fractions of OM and promote the ratio of(loose+stable)/fastened OM fractions,this might lead to the consumption of soil fertility.The effect of organic fertilizer on the OM fractions was not stable.Both chemical and organic fertilizers increased the soil humus content,but the former stimulated the accumulation of humic acid(HA),and showed little effect on the fulvic acid(FA),thus decreased the HA/FA ratio;on the contrary,the latter stimulated the FA,but showed little effect on the HA,and promoted the HA/FA ratio.Chemical fertilizer degraded the soil OM quality and the organic fertilizer improved it,therefore,the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers was much benefit in practice.