叙述合法性诉求——当代影视的“新纪实”倾向的文化分析

REQUEST THE NARRATIVE VALIDITY——Cultural Analysis on the Tendency to the Record of Actual Events in the Contemporary Film and TV

当代影视创作中出现了一股声势浩大的纪实倾向,它表现在被吕新雨命名的“新纪录运动”纪录片创作中;在一些“纪实”性电影故事片;更多的体现在许多电视台制作的大量“纪实”类电视节目中。这些作品体裁样式、表现形式、手法、内在规律各个不同。但是它们却共有一种“纪实”观念:那就是对过于明显建立在观念上的主观真实的否定,希望去除人的主观介入;对原生态生活本身的强调和重视,力求忠实表现原生生活本来的状态和流程;并在技术上充分利用摄影机(摄像机)记录客观现实的能力和一些具体的纪实手法试图达到一种对原态生活的“纯记录”;实现对“真实”的承诺。但是如果我们深入分析这种纪实倾向就可以发现,它实际上是在宣称其具有一种不可能获得的特质,以期获得一种普遍的叙述合法性,这反映了一种普遍的后现代文化的怀疑倾向。在这个分析的基础上,我们就可以瓦解“真实”和普遍合法性的迷雾,不但在影视具体的制作手法上,而且在“真实”和“纪实”观念认识上获得了解放,进入了一个更加开放的认知领域。

There is a powerful tendency to the record of actual events in the contemporary film and TV which is embodied in the creation of record called 'New Record Campaign' named by Lu Xinyu,in a few films having on-the-spot record and more plenty of TV programs belonging to on-the-spot record made by many TV stations.These works differ in the types,formats,techniques and inner rules.However,they all have the conception of on-the-spot record,denying the subjective reality obviously based the conception,hoping to get rid of the subjective intervention,emphasizing on the discrete existence itself,trying its best to faithfully display the condition and process,taking full advantage of the cinematograph to record the objective reality and some techniques recording actual events to purely record the discrete existence and realizing the promise made to 'reality'.However,if we deeply analyze the tendency to the record of actual events,we find out that in fact it alleges that it itself possesses a kind of characteristic unavailable in order to obtain a universally narrative validity,which reflects a universal kind of denial tendency to the postmodern culture.Based on the analysis,we are able to disintegrate the dense fog of the 'reality' and the universal validity.As a result,not only the concrete making technique but also the cognition of 'real ity' and 'record of actual events' are liberated so that we are able to step into a much more disclosed cognition field.