超声测沙仪研究

Ultrasonic Sand Measure Meter

黄河水中含有大量泥沙是泥沙固体颗粒分散在液体中形成的混合物,称悬浮液。超声波在悬浮液的声速和声衰减系数不但取决于组成各相自身的性质和含量,而且受到相互之间相互作用的影响。悬浮液的声衰减分为三种主要类型:吸收衰减、散射衰减和扩散衰减。前两类衰减取决于媒质的特性,而后一类衰减则由声源特性而引起。影响超声波测量含沙量准确度的主要因素有:含沙浓度和粒径级配;浑水中气泡等杂质;温度变化等。采用超声衰减法测量含沙量,并利用超声波双频测量含沙平均粒径修正含沙量可有效提高测量精度。

The Yellow river contain a large amount of silt.The mixture which is call suspending liquid is scattering formed by the silt solid particle in liquid.The ultrasonic coefficient of sound velocity and acoustic attenuation are not only depend on the quality and content of which formed them in suspending liquid and effected by the mutual function between them.The acoustic attenuation of suspending liquid is divided three kinds as absorption attenuation and scattering attenuation and diffusion attenuation.The before tow kinds depending on the characteristic of medium and the behind attenuation is caused by the characteristic of sound source.The main faction of which effect the ultrasonic measuring accuracy are the impurity and temperature changing of silt content concentration and graduation of particle diameter and bubble of muddy water.It should be rise the accuracy of measurement by adopt the ultrasonic attenuation method measuring the silt content and used the bi-frequency measuring average particle diameter of and amend the silt content.