深圳市农民工子女孤独感和抑郁感与父母养育方式研究

Relationship of Children's Loneliness and Depression and Parents Rearing Patterns Between Farmer Workers' Children and Residents' Children

目的探索农民工子女孤独,抑郁以及父母养育方式之间的关系,为维护农民工子女的心理健康提供参考依据。方法以深圳市218名小学高年级学生为研究对象,以“儿童孤独量表”“抑郁自评量表”“父母养育方式量表”为研究工具进行团体施测。结果①农民工子女抑郁量表得分高于非农民工子女,差异有统计学意义。②在农民工子女中,男性孤独感量表得分高于女性,差异有统计学意义。③男性被试中,农民工子女孤独感量表和抑郁量表得分均高于非农民工子女,差异有统计学意义。④父母养育方式量表中父亲情感温暖因子与抑郁呈负相关,父亲惩罚严厉因子和父亲拒绝因子分别与抑郁和孤独呈正相关;母亲情感温暖因子与抑郁呈负相关,母亲拒绝否认因子和母亲惩罚严厉因子分别与抑郁和孤独呈正相关。⑤父亲情感温暖因子和母亲拒绝因子对子女抑郁有重要影响。结论民工子女较非农民工子女更易于抑郁;农民工子女中,男性的孤独和抑郁体验较女性更甚;父母教养方式与农民工子女的抑郁、孤独有密切联系。

Objective To study the relationship of children's loneliness and depression and parents rearing patterns between farmer workers' children and residents' children, and so as to provide references for mental health education for farmer workers' children. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the students who came from two schools which had different student construction, including farmer workers' children and residents' children, using SDS、Children's Loneliness Scale and EMBU. Results The scores of Children's Loneliness and SDS of male farmer workers' children were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05); Some factors in EMBU scale showed negative correlations with scores of SDS and Children's Loneliness (P<0.005); the level of SDS in the farmer workers' children were much higher than that of the other group; There were difference in the percent of only child between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions The male farmer workers' children feel more depressed and loneliness. The parental rearing patterns effect the depression and loneliness of farmer workers' children. The society, schools and the families as a whole should pay more attention to farmer workers' children.