超临界法制备生物柴油的研究

Research advances in preparation of biodiesel fuel using spercritical techniques

生物柴油的制备方法有直接混合法、微乳液法、高温裂解法和酯交换反应法。针对超临界流体技术制备生物柴油的技术,分别介绍了超临界流体中化学反应的特点,国内外对超临界法制备生物柴油的研究进展,超临界法制备生物柴油的装置及工艺,影响超临界流体制备生物柴油的因素,如温度、醇油比、游离脂肪酸和水等,超临界流体制备生物柴油的工业化应用状况;展望了超临界流体技术制备生物柴油的发展趋势。

Biodiesel produced by the transesterification from renewable vegetable oils or fats is very important to solve the shortage of resources of fossil fuel and the environmental concerns.Many methods to produce biodiesel such as the direct use or blending of oils,micro-emulsification,pyrolysis and transesterification were discussed resepevtively.In particular,aiming at biodiesel production by supercritical fluid technology,the characteristics of chemical reaction in supercritical fluid medium,the research advances in preparation of biodiesel by supercritical fluid technology at home and abroad,the equipments and technics of biodiesel production by supercritical fluid technology,the influence factors such as temperature,ratio of methanol or ethanol to oil,free fatty acid and water content and so on,industrial application of biodiesel production by supercritical fluid technology were introduced respectively.In addition,the future developments of biodiesel production by supercritical fluid technology were prospected.