农村公共品供给领域的“政府失灵”与市场机制研究

The Research of Governmental Invalidity and Market Mechanisms in Area of Rural Public Goods

政府通过传统的方式直接供给农村公共品会产生“政府失灵”现象。公共品的“提供”和“生产”存在分开的可能性。引入市场机制能够弱化农村公共品供给领域的“政府失灵”现象。就生产方式而言,农村基础设施建设类公共品的提供方式可采用由政府出资,市场手段生产;农业技术支持可以采取政府招标购买的方式生产;农村公共服务类公共品关键是培育新的供给主体;农村公共福利类公共品可以采用发放“公共福利券”的形式直接提供给农民。

This paper discusses the phenomenon of governmental invalidity which is rural public goods are supplied directly by governmental in traditional way.Public goods can be supplied in two methods:supply and produce.If we use market mechanisms,the problem may be solved.From the point of production method,the infrastructure of the rural public goods can be supplied by governmental finance and produced by market mechanisms;the support of the agricultural technology can be supplied by governmental open tendering;the public goods of rural public service should be supplied by new supply body which is cultivating;the public goods of rural public welfare should be supplied directly by method of granting 'public welfare bond'.