甘肃现代肉羊新品种群培育研究报告

Breeding of Gansu modern Meat Sheep new Population

甘肃现代肉羊新品种群,是用波德代羊、无角陶赛特羊作父系,与地方蒙古系母羊为主,包括部分小尾寒羊母羊进行杂交,在2001～2005年间,共获F1代羊18.1万只,F2代羊3.92万只,F3代羊0.66万只.现场和实验室测试指出:杂种羊生长发育快,如6月龄BMF2代母羊体重38.13±3.75(kg),周岁体重45.61±4.28(kg),分别比蒙古羊提高31.89%和27.87%;DMF2代母羊上述指标相应为36.03±3.78(kg)、46.73±5.48(kg)、24.63%和29.6%.杂种一代、二代羊产羔率为139.52%,比蒙古羊提高35.0%以上.在同样育肥条件下,7月龄F1比蒙古羯羔绝对增重22.4%～54.9%,经济效益提高3.5～6.8倍;杂种羔羊肉蛋白质含量在20%以上,肌肉间脂肪含量高,氨基酸种类齐全,无角陶赛特杂种羔羊肉锌含量高,10种肉质特性指标优良,影响羊肉香味和风味的挥发性物质BMF1有67种,DMF1有70种,未检出重金属和农药残留.对各代杂种羊生理生化指标、血液生化遗传标记等进行了测试.F2、F3群体数量大,外型特征接近父系,遗传相似系数在0.957 7以上,肉用体型明显,而且耐粗饲,抗逆性强,适应性好,可从中选择理想型个体进行横交繁育,进而培育出甘肃现代肉羊新品种.

Gansu modern meat sheep new population were produced by crossbreeding local sheep ewes (mainly Mongolia sheep and some Small-tailed Han sheep) with introduced parental Berderdale and Poll Dorset sheep. From the year 2001 to 2005, there were about 181 thousand F_1 sheep, 39.2 thousand F_2 sheep and 6.6 thousand F_3 sheep being obtained. It was showed that: hybrids had a fast growing rate, for instance, 6 months old BMF_2 ewes weighted 38.13±3.75(kg) and weighted 45.61±4.28(kg) when they were 1 year old, which were 31.89% and 27.87% high more than Mongolia sheep ewes's; the correspond results for DMF_2 ewes were 36.03±3.78(kg),46.73±5.48(kg),24.63% and 29.6% respectively; the lambing rate of F_1 and F_2 was 139.52%,which was 35.0% higher than Mongolia sheep's; at the same feeding and fatting condition, the absolute weight gain of 7 months old F_1 was 22.4%～54.9% higher than Mongolia wether's and its economic benefit was 3.5 to 6.8 times higher than Mongolia wether's; the protein content in hybrid lamb meat was above 20%; the inter-muscle fat content was rich;the Zinc content in meat of hybrid lamb of Poll Dorset was high; 10 kinds of meat quality index were good enough; there were 67 volatility substance which influenced the flavor in BMF_1 meat and 70 in DMF_1 meat.The heavy metal and retained pesticide had not been found in the meat. The blood physiological and biochemical index and biochemical genetic marker of hybrid were tested also. The population of F_2 and F_3 is huge enough and their exterior character are close to the parental breed and the genetic conform coefficient is above 0.9577 . they have a distinct meat-use bodily form, being able to endure the hard condition and have a good adaptability. If the ideal individuals among the F_2 and F_3 are chosen and crossed, a new Gansu modern meat sheep breed could be cultivated finally.