大气颗粒物PM_(10)污染监测和源解析新技术

A New Technology of PM_(10) Pollution Monitoring and Source Identification

为了探索大气可吸入颗粒物污染的源解析新技术,使用美国RP公司生产的多通道自动采样系统(ACCU)在上海吴淞工业区进行冬季3个月8个不同风向的PM10采样,使用质子激发X荧光发射方法(PIXE)测定颗粒物中1种无机元素浓度,然后对获取数据进行主成分分析.结果发现,8个风向的质量浓度分布取决于不同方位的大气质量状况.将大气颗粒物中的元素浓度作为环境污染指纹,8个方位的无机元素浓度分布与采样点周围的居民住宅、道路交通和工矿企业的排放密切相关,表明该方法能准确地确定排放源的范围和污染来源.研究结果表明,ACCU采样系统和PIXE分析技术的优化组合可为大气污染溯源、治理和改善环境空气质量提供一种快速和准确可靠的新方法.

In order to explore a new technology of PM10 pollution monitoring and source identification,the samples of PM10 inhaled particulate matter with eight wind directions were collected at a representative site of Wusong industrial district,Shanghai,in winter using Automated Cartridge Collection Unit(ACCU) of Rupprecht & Patashnick Co.The samples were analyzed to determine the average concentrations of up to eighteen elements by means of the proton induced X-ray emission(PIXE) spectrometer.All data were calculated using principal component analysis(PCA).The results show that the mass distribution of particulate matter with different directions depends on the environmental air quality.As the elemental fingerprint study of environmental pollution,spatial variation of elemental concentrations is closely related to the residential density,the vehicle traffic,and the exhausts of refineries,chemicals and steel factories around the sampling site.It is demonstrated that the excellent combination of ACCU sampler and PIXE technique provides a new and powerful means for environmental source apportionment.