世界主要国家对地观测技术发展策略

Development Strategy on Earth Observing Technology of the Main Countries

从对地观测技术计划入手,对美国、欧空局、加拿大、日本、印度以及俄罗斯的对地观测技术发展现状和策略进行了概要的介绍和分析。美国EOS计划的提出和实施带动了新一轮对地观测技术发展的浪潮,而地球科学事业(ESE)战略计划是对EOS的提升与延续,将地球系统科学的概念引入到计划中,把对地观测技术与面临的科学问题紧密结合起来;欧空局以遥感卫星1号、2号,以及环境卫星而立足于世界对地观测技术前列,法国以高分辨率SPOT卫星系列、加拿大则以雷达卫星系列为其对地观测技术的特色发展策略。日本制定了未来对地观测基本策略,并给出了未来卫星研制和发射计划日程;俄罗斯作为空间大国,在对地观测技术发展方面较为滞后,近年来开始进行追赶;发展中国家印度非常重视对地观测技术的发展,随着其资源卫星的发射并稳定地提供数据,其对地观测技术发展引起世界广泛关注。

From the programs and projects,the development status and strategies on Earth observing technology of the main countries in the world,such as America,ESA,Canada,Japan,India and Russia,are introduced and analyzed. Earth observing system(EOS)put forward in 1990s puts the Earth observing technology to the new phase,and compared with EOS,NASA Earth Science Enterprise(ESE) is in higher level by introducing Earth System Science.ESA is in the front of the technology in the world after launching ERS satellites and ENVISATS.France is characteristic of high-resolution satellites such as SPOT series,and Canada is characteristic of RADARSATS.Japan draws up its 'Basic Strategy for Effects Regarding Future Earth Observation' in 2005 to be leadership in the field.Russia is strong space country but laps in development on Earth observing technology,so it will plan to develop quickly in the field.India,as a developing country,now has been paid attention by the world.