南通市学龄前儿童心理行为问题及其影响因素的研究

The Research of Mental Behavior Problems and Related Factors among Preschool Children in Nantong

目的 调查和分析南通市学龄前儿童心理行为问题及其影响因素,并比较不同等级幼儿园儿童在心理行为发育方面有无差异.方法 采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(Child Behavior Cheek List,CBCL)中国标准化版对南通市随机抽取四所不同等级幼儿园1 102例4～7岁学龄前儿童进行调查研究.结果 南通市学龄前儿童心理行为问题的分布情况为:优良26.95%,正常63.88%,不正常9.17%,与国内外报道的学龄前儿童行为问题检出率(5%～20%)基本一致[1-2].各幼儿园学龄前儿童行为问题检出率分别为:省示范3.47%,一类1.87%,二类16.10%,三类23,81%,省示范、一类、二类幼儿园的儿童行为问题检出率明显低于三类幼儿园,不同等级幼儿园中,学龄前儿童的心理行为问题差异有显著性(P＜0.05).多因素分析认为影响儿童心理行为问题发生的主要因素为:幼儿园、家庭是否重视儿童心理教育,父母文化程度,家庭情况,是否参加早教等.结论 学龄前儿童行为问题的发生是多因素交互作用的结果.各类幼儿园尤其是三类幼儿园的家长和老师要重视学龄前儿童的心理教育,通过各种途径减少儿童心理行为问题的发生.

Objective To understand the mental behavior problems and their related factors among preschool children in Nantong city,and compare the differences of the mental behavior problems of preschool children in four kindergartens of different grades.Methods Random sample 1102 children aged 4~7 years old from four kindergartens of different grades in Nantong City as the subjects,who had no chronic diseases or respiratory system and digestive system disorders in the past two weeks.Results The distribution of mental behavior problems of preschool children in Nantong city was:health 26.95%,normal 63.88%,unhealthy 9.17%.The detection rates of mental behavior problems in four kindergartens were:the demonstration kindergartens 3.47%,first grade kindergartens 1.87%,second grade kindergartens 16.10%,third grade kindergartens 23.81%.The detection rates of the demonstration kindergartens,first and second grade kindergartens are lower than the third grade kindergartens.The mental behavior problems of preschool children in four kindergartens of different grades showed the significant difference(P<0.05).The analysis of multi-factors showed the main related factors were:kindergartens and families,the education degrees of parents,the family conditions,earlier period education and so on.Conclusions Kindergartens and families,especially the third grade kindergartens,should pay more attention on mental education of preschool children,and take effective methods to reduce these problems.