欧洲公地共同体管理中的法治因素

The Factors of Legality in the Management of Common-Field Communities in Europe

欧洲公地共同体管理中既有人治的因素,又有法治的因素。其法治因素主要包括:1.对法律至上原则的追求。在共同体的生产劳动和日常生活中,人们捍卫作为习惯法的村规和其他惯例的最高统治地位。2.对法律面前人人平等原则的追求。领主,他的自由佃农和农奴,以及一些无地的劳工,都是共同体的成员。共同体的传统要求在有关共同体的公共事务方面,他们都要服从习惯法(尽管事实上并不会总是如此)。3.比较严密、细致的法律程序。

There were both factors of rule by lord s will and of rule by law in the management of European common-field communities in the middle age.The factors of legality included the top position of law(by-laws or customs) in the work and life of community,the pursuit of equality of everyone before the law,and the strictness of to some degree.