“人为的”与“为人的”——科学的人文属性研究

“By Human” and “For Human”——A Study on Science’s Attribute of Humanity

科学在本质上是与人文相通的,具有人文属性。一方面,科学是“人为的”,具有“人为”的属性,这表现在科学研究的活动及其结果的各个方面,其中科学探索的动机渗透着人的理想、信念、兴趣和激情等人的因素,科学研究的方法体现着人的想象、直觉、顿悟等非理性方法以及简单性、和谐性、对称性、守恒性等美学原则,科学活动的结果即科学知识及其体系中内涵着科学家和科学共同体的“范式”、“研究纲领”等人的认识原则以及概念、判断、推理等只有人才具有的理性框架。另一方面,科学又是“为人的”,具有“为人”的属性,这主要表现在科学是为了人的生存和实现人类自由而全面发展服务的,并且科学已经创造出了巨大的物质财富和精神成就,推进了人类物质文明的昌盛和精神文明的进步。

Science is communicated with humanity, so it has the attribute of humanity. On the one hand, science has been done 'by human' and has the attribute of 'by-human'. This is shown in every aspect of science activity and its results: There are many man's factors such as ideal, faith, interests and enthusiasm penetrating the motive of science exploration; Approaches to science research embody aesthetic principle including simplicity, harmonization, symmetry and equality; Additionally, results of science activity, namely knowledge system includes man's knowing principle such as mode and guiding principle of scientist and their community, and logos frame only of man such as concept, judgment and inference. On the other hand, science is 'for human' and has the attribute of 'for-human'. This is shown not only in its service for mankind's survival but also in the achievement of freedom and all-direction development of mankind, moreover, science create so great material fortune and spirit achievement that improve the progress of material civilization and spirit civilization.